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Oxidative stress is a major factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications. The objectives were to investigate the effects of chamomile tea consumption on glycemic control and antioxidant status in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM).This single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 64 subjects with T2 DM (males and females) ages 30 to 60 y. The intervention...
Obesity is a significant quality of life-impairing health problem affecting industrialized nations. However, despite carrying a large fat mass, some very obese individuals exhibit normal metabolic profiles (metabolically healthy obesity). The physiological factors underlying their protective and favorable metabolic profiles remain poorly defined.A search of the National Library of Medicine PubMed...
Extreme malnutrition with body mass index (BMI) as low as 10 kg/m2 is not uncommon in anorexia nervosa, with survival enabled through complex metabolic adaptations. In contrast, outcomes from hunger strikes and famines are usually fatal after weight loss to about 40% below expected body weight, corresponding to BMI 12 to 13 kg/m2 in adults. Thus, many years of adaptation in adolescent-onset anorexia...
The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate whether an association existed between green tea consumption and the risk for liver cancer in prospective cohort studies in Asian populations.Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, and the Chinese Bio-medicine Database published before April 2015. Study-specific risk estimates for the highest versus non- or...
Leucine has been reported to alter the gene expression of proteins, the activation of signaling components, and the fractional rates of protein synthesis in multiple organs of piglets. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of leucine on molecular mechanisms regulating protein synthesis and degradation in skeletal muscle and determine how these adaptations affect body weight gain in...
The physiological regulation of total body water and fluid concentrations is complex and dynamic. The human daily water requirement varies because of differences in body size, dietary solute load, exercise, and activities. Although chronically concentrated urine increases the risk of renal diseases, an empirical method to determine inadequate daily water consumption has not been described for any...
Garlic can play an essential role in the prevention of atherosclerosis, but the research addressing the effect of garlic on the concentration of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has not been fully demonstrated. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of garlic on plasma Lp(a) concentrations through systematic review of literature and meta-analysis of available randomized controlled trials.The literature...
Kamishimotsuto (KST) is a supplement containing 13 different herbs including Phellodendron bark, Anemarrhena rhizome and ginseng that have been shown to activate mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and thereby increase muscle protein synthesis in vitro. However, the combined effect of KST and resistance exercise on muscle protein anabolism has not been investigated in vivo. Therefore,...
Loss of skeletal muscle in patients who have undergone gastric bypass is a consistent observation. Skeletal muscle constitutes the largest protein/amino acid pool in the body, and loss of skeletal muscle has important implications in health and disease. Sustaining a given level of muscle protein requires a balance between the rates of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. Current evidence suggests...
The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) varies among migrants from different geographic regions. The aim of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of VDD among dark-skinned migrants.A meta-analysis using meta-regression was undertaken to determine the prevalence of VDD in dark-skinned migrant populations. Prevalence also was determined by study characteristics including study methodology,...
Maternal anemia is a public health challenge worldwide. The present study aims to explore the effects of maternal anemia at different stages of gestation on postnatal growth and neurobehavioral development in infants.A cohort of pregnant Indian women were followed from 13 to 22 wk gestation (i.e., second trimester; n = 211), 29 to 42 wk gestation (i.e., third trimester; n = 178); their infants were...
We investigated whether or not the UCP1 -3826 A>G polymorphism is associated with obesity and related metabolic disorders in grade III obese patients.150 obese patients (body mass index ≥35 kg/m2) who were candidates for bariatric surgery were studied. Weight (kg), body mass index (kg/m2); fat free mass (kg), fat mass (kg), energy intake (kcal), level of physical activity, plasma levels of glucose,...
To assess the interaction of three single nucleotide polymorphisms in the C-reactive protein (CRP) gene and plasma fatty acid (FA) levels in modulating inflammatory profile.A total of 262 subjects, aged >19 y and <60 y, participated in a cross-sectional, population-based study performed in Brazil. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1205, rs1417938, and rs2808630) spanning the CRP gene...
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the use of nutrition labeling on nutritional intake according to age groups, focusing on Korean elderly.Study participants (N = 5223) were adults at least 20 y of age and had participated in the Korean National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey in 2012. Data for recognition/use of nutrition labels were obtained by self-report. Nutrition...
Methotrexate (MTX)-induced hepatotoxicity is a significant clinical problem that may affect overall prognosis and disease outcome. Oxidative stress is a key player in its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ω-3 fatty acids as an adjuvant therapy in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during the maintenance phase of chemotherapy and the effect...
Measuring malnutrition in hospitalized patients is difficult in all settings. I evaluated associations of items in the mini nutritional assessment short-form (MNA-sf), a nutritional-risk screening tool previously validated in the elderly, with malnutrition among hospitalized patients in Uganda. I used results to construct two simplifications of this tool that may be applicable to young and middle-aged...
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